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A movement born during the Second World War, institutional psychotherapy revolutionized psychiatry in France through its opposition to alienism and biological psychiatry. It inspired a “psychiatrie de secteur,” a form of psychiatry “outside the walls” that aims to make mental health care compatible with life in the community. It is also a school of thought that enables us to study the alienating tendencies of any institution and adopt practices to counteract them. In a book (Désaliénation, Seuil, 2024) that looks at institutional psychotherapy from the angle of intellectual history, notably through studying the movement’s most influential figures, historian Camille Robcis also re-examines the original understanding of fascism developed by this current.