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This article arises from a research project begun in 2013, which has explored three inventories of documents located in the archives of the Bibliothèque nationale de France. The first is a list of works for solo piano that mention Brazil and were published by French music publishers between 1845 and 1897. The second is a register of articles that appeared in La France musicale, a weekly review, during the same period. The third concerns the materials contained the box Fonds Montpensier, boîte Brésil, Virtuoses/pianistes. All of these sources attest to the unexpected, and sometimes inexplicable character of the intercultural relations between Brazil and France, revealing how musicians traveled back and forth between the two countries or even between two or three continents. The international relations established in this way were part of a preexisting, overarching process of cultural globalization that remains of great interest to specialists working today.