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In view of the development of advance directives (AD) in France since 2016, the aim of our study was to take a look at the knowledge of this measure, what it represents, and how doctors integrate it. We carried out a qualitative monocentric study by means of exploratory interviews with doctors (n = 12). An analysis of thematic content was made from these interviews. Analysis of the content of these conversations revealed limited knowledge of ADs, reservations regarding the role of doctors in this respect and a number of perceived limitations with regard to their implementation (complexity of end-of-life situations; impact on care relationships; psychological repercussions; uncertainty; the “changing” nature of ADs; the culture of care services). Psychosocial limits explain in part the reservation concerning this document and play a part in the hesitation about its “legitimacy” or “utility.” The challenge of developing an understanding of ADs must take into account the psychosocial conditions of its acceptability and its integration into care practices and relations.