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In this study we sought to reconsider the complex relationship between Foucault and anti-psychiatry. Consideration of this relationship has remained confined to the criticisms made by Henri Ey at the Toulouse Congress in 1969. Recent works and various studies on the theme ignore an entire swathe of Foucault’s work, whether it is his courses at the Collège de France or the various articles published in Dits et Écrits. The best way to understand Foucault’s work is to follow the fate of the Madness and Civilization, a work that has sparked passionate argument. Foucault was interested in anti-psychiatry and devoted several articles and lectures to it, as well as entering into dialogue with various representatives of the movement. In light of his writings, though, we do not believe it is possible to see Foucault as an anti-psychiatrist.