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The objective of this survey was to study the extent of mental illnesses in the Regional University Teaching Hospital of Ouahigouya. We conducted a descriptive retrospective survey with patients who were admitted to and/or hospitalized in the department between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2017. During the survey study period, the psychiatric department received a total of 4,113 patients. Of these, 712 (17.35%) were at their first consultation and 16 people were hospitalized. Psychomotor agitation was the symptom that motivated the consultation. Schizophrenic psychoses were the main diagnosis (80.08%), followed by acute transient psychotic disorders (5.22%). The high number of visits made to the psychiatric department is clear, and these results suggest that the medical team needs to be strengthened in order to respond effectively to its missions.