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Between 2015 and 2017, the Survey on Mental Health in the General Population explored the social representations and anthropo-cultural aspects of mental illness in French Polynesia. The survey was based on a representative sample of 968 people aged 18 and above. The etiology of mental health problems was considered by those surveyed as primarily physical. Addictive behaviors were thought to be the cause of mental illnesses for a quarter of those surveyed. The origin of depression was considered to be primarily sentimental or linked to a life event. Few people consider magical and religious causes (less than 0.5% of responses) to be the origin of mental health problems, but the use of traditional healing is more common (22%). The results were taken into account in French Polynesia’s national mental health plan.