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The model for evaluating the effectiveness of psychotherapy assumes that different psychotherapeutic techniques used have specific impacts on mental disorders, in the same way as drugs do for somatic illnesses. However, empirical data show the equivalence of all approaches when they are practiced correctly, the absence of a single technique’s specific effectiveness, and the extreme importance of the therapeutic alliance, a feature common to all types of psychotherapy. How can we understand these results while avoiding both the excessive valorization of the psychotherapist’s individual quality and the relativization of the usefulness of psychotherapy techniques? In this article, we propose that psychotherapeutic theory should be less concerned with precision and guaranteeing effectiveness, and should instead be able to be reinterpreted in a unique way in each clinical case, thereby promoting the therapeutic alliance.