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This article offers a description of the evolution of societal mentalities, the use of words, the modifications of medico-social systems and practices, and the legislative milestones that, since the beginning of the twenty-first century, have enabled a significant improvement in the quality of life of vulnerable people in France. It offers critical comments, from the perspective of a public service psychiatrist, on the conceptual foundations of these transformations and the vision of an inclusive society that they aim to bring about.