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Over the last twenty years, psychedelic medicine has undergone a revival, most notably impacting psychiatry and addiction medicine. Given the limited therapeutic options in this latter field, psychedelics are emerging as promising new treatment strategies. This article offers a review of the current literature, assessing psychedelics’ efficacy and potential mechanisms of action in the treatment of substance use disorders. According to these preliminary results, psychedelics like psilocybin and LSD seem to promote a reduction in the use of addictive substances by intervening at various neurobiological levels. While observational and clinical data suggest that psychedelics could be effective in treating substance use disorders, further studies are needed to better characterize their effect on different patient populations.