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A great many years after first reading Pascal’s Thoughts, while elaborating his own doctrine of monads, Leibniz studied, wrote out and commented Pascal’s fragment published as number 22 in the Port-Royal edition of the Pensées (1670) under the title « Connaissance générale de l’homme » (general knowledge of man). The purpose of this study is first to examine how Leibniz reacted and related to a doctrine that opposed his in so many respects, and then to focus on some difficulties pertaining to the concept of the infinite and to that of organisms. Leibniz’s remarks on the « two infinites » (« les deux infinis ») provide elements that can help understand the way the phenomenal and continuous plane and its actual foundation in units or monads are articulated. A revised edition of the two versions of Leibniz’s commentary, along with the fragment by Pascal published in 1670, are supplied in an appendix.