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Marx is not a thinker of the diversity of capitalism. Thus, Volume I of Capital seems to pose the British model (machinery, industrial revolution, endless pursuit of improving labor productivity) as the mature coherent and self-sustaining form that capitalism is able to achieve, a form in which the sharpening of its constituent contradictions can only occur. However, discreetly, Volume I also appears sometimes to be on the path of a reflection on the significant space of variations still open for capitalism and, more radically, upon the “non-British” forms that can characterize its history and its geography. At a time when it is crucial, both epistemologically and politically, to learn to decline the term “capitalism” in the plural, this ambiguous strategy is not without interest.