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The two-hundredth anniversary of the birth of Darwin was recently commemorated. At a time when naturalism is regaining strength in the social sciences, it is perhaps not useless to examine the tumultuous relations of biology and socio-anthropology from the perspective of the respective disciplinary territories and borders. This article initially endeavors to show how sociobiology is coming back in vogue. In a second phase, it recalls the first hesitations resulting from confusion between animality and humanity while revealing its contemporary academic manifestations. Finally, an attempt is made to trace the limits and to determine the originality—or the “hard core”—of socio-human sciences from a definition of their access to the symbolic system and cumulative historico-institutional contributions .