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This paper restarts the discussion on the semiotic theory of the homology of linguistic and material production proposed by Ferruccio Rossi-Landi during the 60’s, that this review revealed to French readers in 1973 through a partial translation of one of his most important texts and that the recent French reprint of the Grundrisse makes really actual, since that very work and others by Marx allowed Rossi-Landi to seize the role language plays in the passage from (economical) structure to (ideological) superstructures. The aim is not only to try to give a more rigorous insight of Rossi-Landi’s thought than what can be read in hasty interpreters’ commentaries ; but also to reveal some original developments, particularly in the possible convergences, which remained unexplored till nowadays, on Breton’s and other forgotten surrealists’ semiotic intuition. For it is also at the stakes of revolutionary semiotics that Marxism and Surrealism meet.