“Tell me how you feminize, I'll tell you who you vote for.” Appellations of Candidates in the European Elections of 1989 and 2004 in Belgium and France
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This work analyzes the grammatical gender of the words used by political parties to describe the female candidates for the European elections of 1989 and 2004 in French-speaking Belgium and France. A clear evolution favorable to the feminine option takes shape. The feminines, a minority in 1989, are majority in 2004 (increasing from 62 to 92% in Belgium, and 74 to 85% in France). Some professions (e.g., in France, députée [deputy] and maire adjointe [deputy mayor]) are always referred to in the masculine in 1989, but are generally designated by feminines in 2004. Political parties adopt differentiated linguistic behaviors. In the four polls studied, the rate of feminines used by the parties allows us, with some exceptions, to locate them on an axis very similar to the left-right axis, with the progressive parties using more feminine forms than the conservative ones.
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