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The beginning of the twentieth century saw a radical change in the French construction policy in Algeria, marked by the gradual abandonment of neoclassical architecture, which had reigned for more than half a century, giving way to a more humanistic trend, based on the reinterpretation of local vocabulary in modern constructions. This new policy represented a break with seventy years of neoclassical austerity, the traces of which define one of the main lines of Arabization observable today: neo-Moorish architecture, an architectural style with an Orientalist scope that was declared an official style until the 1930s.As any official style is to be questioned, we have tried, in this study, to identify the origins of its creation, and the different contexts in which it emerged. We will achieve this through a historical study that aims at a better understanding of this aesthetic flowering, which today constitutes a model for contemporary constructions that are strongly linked to identity.