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Introduction: The prevalence of patients receiving anticoagulant therapy in France is one in twenty—a number that will only increase over time as the population ages. Anticoagulants are the most common medications associated with adverse drug reactions. All primary care physicians are required to use oral anticoagulants. However, faced with a diverse patient base, often with underlying conditions, and sometimes complex circumstances, primary care physicians may find themselves facing uncertainty in certain situations. Objective: To identify the prescribing aids available, physicians’ expectations of these aids, and the most common clinical situations that pose difficulties when prescribing anticoagulants. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive epidemiological study carried out among primary care physicians working in the Île-de-France region via an online survey carried out from October 8, 2020 to June 22, 2021, recording demographic data, prescribing practices, and demographic and clinical profiles of patient bases. Results: A total of 105 primary care physicians responded to the questionnaire. Physicians’ expectations for anticoagulant prescribing aids were as follows: easy to use, easy to access, fast, reliable, regularly updated, and in the form of a digital application and/or reference guide based on consensus and expert opinion. Difficulties when prescribing anticoagulants and a need for advice were reported among 80 and 78 percent of physicians, respectively. These challenges are particularly prevalent in in the departments of Seine-et-Marne and Val d’Oise. Conclusion: The use of anticoagulants, as outlined in this study, highlights the day-to-day difficulties of primary care in parallel with other specialist fields. There is a clear need for recourse to anticoagulant treatment, and the results of this study could form the basis for the development of an application and/or a reference guide.