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The misuse and addictive potential of pregabalin (PGB) were detected about ten years ago. In France, more and more reports from substance abuse services testify to its abuse, especially in the context of multiple substance abuse. This article, based on an assessment of the prevalence of PGB use among patients newly admitted to an Outpatient Addiction Treatment Center (CSAPA) in Lyon, attempts to provide improved guidelines for primary care practice concerning initial prescription, prevention of misuse, the danger of combining these drugs with synthetic opioids, and the prescription of naloxone kits.