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Rural communities in the A??t Bougmez Valley have long known how to implement and maintain various collective management modalities for a number of areas and natural resources. However, in the context of deep changes, community-based organizations are confronted with modern institutions as well as with new forms of public strategies for rural development. One of the challenges to be faced in such areas is how to achieve successful decentralization so as to preserve the efficiency of traditional management practices while maintaining a thorough mutual understanding between the interests that drive the various stakeholders.