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In the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), links between the illegal trade of minerals and permanent conflicts in Ituri and the Kivus is well documented. From 1994 to 2009, the consequences have been dire: population exodus, sexual violence against women, recruitment of children as soldiers, and environmental losses. Returning to a sustainable peace will imply restoring the basic functions of the State and encouraging growth in production and trade through special programs, especially from a perspective of regional cooperation.