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This article analyzes the effects of the diversity of directors’ personal values on the accrual-based and real earnings management of listed French companies. This diversity has a marginal impact on income-increasing discretionary accruals. Its impact is more marked on real earnings management, because the diversity of several personal values reduces it. These results validate the upper echelons theory. They confirm the disciplinary perspective of agency theory and the positive impact of the diversity of directors’ personal values on earnings quality.