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Non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation is the most frequent etiology of cardioembolic cerebral infarction. It is often asymptomatic or slightly symptomatic, does not interfere with daily life, and is poorly understood by the general population, which makes it difficult to diagnose. It is often diagnosed during stages of complications, such as cerebral infarction. However, at these stages, the consequences of AF are severe and often lead to lifelong disabilities. Patients who have already suffered a cardioembolic stroke face a high risk of recurrence if the stroke occurred as the result of undiagnosed AF. The daily practice of the Neurology Unit of the Joseph Raseta Befelatanana University Hospital involves systematic testing for AF after cerebral infarction—although not all investigations necessary for screening are always carried out. Detection and knowledge of the characteristics of AF, as a cause of cerebral infarctions, would make it possible to improve secondary prevention.