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Enrollment rates in community-based health insurance programs remain particularly weak in Sub-Saharan African countries. This paper aims to synthesize the empirical studies conducted to date on factors influencing this enrollment. Beyond methodological differences across studies, our results show that, as expected, two factors play a major role (the population's financial capacity and the quality of healthcare services). Both are put into a larger perspective. Several other factors also seem to have a significant influence on enrollment, although empirical results show weaker convergences.