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Within a few years, Development Theory has seen many proposals to include decentralized cooperation and participatory development at the heart of bottom-up strategies. Two approaches – ecodevelopment and Buen Vivir – were particularly innovative. On the one hand, they invite the concerted action of all social actors and a rebalancing of powers in favor of civil society. Second, they take as their starting point the territory and local deliberative processes to address substantive issues: environmental sustainability, social inequality, transformation of the productive system, and participatory democracy.