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This article focuses on the analysis of “critical junctures” in the Libyan political transition in order to highlight the processes of elite reconfigurations, both in their status and in their strategies or practices. These moments structure the acceleration of the mechanisms of competition between actors and illustrate the reconfiguration of old rentier state practices in new neo-patrimonial logics. Taking place in the extraordinary and discontinuous context of the civil war, while also being marked by the scars of the past, these processes allow us to question the reality of a Libyan political transition. JEL Codes: D72, D74, D78, N47, Q34