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Soil fertility in the groundnut basin used to be maintained by a complex farming system combining fallow land, agroforestry, and the provision of organic matter from livestock. Since the 1990s, this system has been eroded by the weakening of “social cohesion” at the family and village levels as a result of the increasing monetarization of agriculture and the aspirations of younger members of society to work outside the family business. Nevertheless, we do not observe a “collapse” of solidarities. Instead, they are reconfigured, but they are no longer essentially oriented toward the reproduction of the agrarian system and therefore toward the maintenance of soil fertility. JEL Classification: D0, Q1, Q2