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Although we are getting closer to a precise number for the deaths in Napoleon’s campaigns, one key question remains unanswered: what were the causes of soldiers’ deaths? Death in battle can take many forms. It is a fact that rank-and-file soldiers were more likely to die of wounds after, rather than during, the battle, whilst officers, who were better cared for, were more likely to survive their wounds. In order to answer this question in greater detail, this article will examine the sources, then analyse the modus vivendi of the different arms that made up the forces present within the armies, and then sketch a picture of battle, the campaign, and the retreat. Attention is then drawn to soldier deaths as a result of captivity, disease, post-operative complications, and psychological trauma.