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This article analyzes the trajectory of those deported, in the broad sense of the term, to New Caledonia, looking at the demographic components that make up the populations there today. The conflictual political relations that have made it difficult to establish the national sovereignty of Kanaky-New Caledonia are largely explained by the biopolitics of the French state, which is responsible for the current ethno-cultural divisions. Based on my experience in New Caledonia, I attempt to assess the meaning of these trajectories, and whether the actors involved are in a position to alter the course of history as it unfolds.