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What are the contradictions which the sociological unit of the school needs to face in the context of an institutional plan of equal opportunities ? The clinical analysis of an intervention of socio-psychological orientation in a secondary school has led us to examine a few collective representations specific to the school, built around denial of negativity and singularity, and around uniformity of organizing structures. We suggest that these representations are obstacles to meet the heterogeneity of populations and pertain to the difficulty to think the collective reality of an education school as an institution which, beyond the structure it is part of, has to build its own problematics of authority, law and search for justice.