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This paper analyzes the problems encountered in schools by examining the way they function from an anthropological perspective. Helping children to live and sharing with them is the only way a society can survive and the only way children can develop themselves into human subjects able to live in communities. The rites of passage help to place complex emotional processes into social frameworks so that they ensure that doubt and uncertainty may exist behind the codes. Most likely, this is the transitional role that school must play at a time when our societies face a new challenge: inventing real equality while still respecting filiation.