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In the majority of Western countries identity has become a recurrent theme in public discourse. It goes back, at the same time, to the history of peoples and to the conception they have of life in common and then to collective memory and community planning. The perennial teachings of political philosophy highlight the difficulty of contemporary liberal societies to express the finality of life in common beyond a peaceful coexistence of the citizens. The question of identity could well lead to the rediscovery of the question of finality.