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From the analysis of a crisis in a foster care for the disabled, we will try to make explicit the function of transference in the professional dynamics and the develop ment of work organisation. The three phenomena spotted during our intervention – disqualification of the authority and its representatives ; the sudden and traumatic appearance of death ; the depreciation of speech – show the stance of the executives and leaders of the institution that could be considered as, according to Marcel Czermak’s expression, « a challenging of transference » : it is because the transference and the responsibility that it implies on those who back it up are not taken that the work collective collapses, and that its members find themselves left to the phenomena of institutional or individual violence. In the end, we suggest that transference is fundamental to any authority, and that only its recognition enables the legitimate exercise of authority, socially necessary and subjectively incontrovertible.