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This study explores the impact of an important conflict upon the Martiniquais social identity. It deals with a complex situation because of the recurring aspect of conflict within Martiniquais history. The data were collected through a longitudinal research project carried out in a “natural” environment that helped to reveal identity mechanisms. The authors chose to consider these mechanisms through the ego-ecology model and the multistage investigator of social identity method (Zavalloni and Guérin), which were applied to several cases. The results presented here are linked to an emblematic case of the studied discourses. Several processes are enlightened: the use of stereotypes, a rejection of the French collectivity, and the implementation of recognition strategies. The search for recognition has proved to be a process that both creates conflict and regulates identity.