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In the second half of the twentieth century, the German theologian Friedrich-Wilhelm Marquardt sought to purify Christian thought of its anti-Judaism. His criticism was aimed more specifically at the Protestant tradition to which he belonged. According to him, by situating the unique and universal mediation of salvation in Jesus Christ within the conceptual framework of the personal confession of faith, this tradition excludes the Jewish people from it, and forgets that it is from its historical singularity that the universal work of divine grace unfolds.