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Marking the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Declaration of repentance by the bishops of France for the silence of the assembly of cardinals and archbishops of France in the face of the two Vichy laws on the status of the Jews (1940 and 1941), is an opportunity. It helps to underline the declaration’s theological meaning and to grasp what is at stake, not only for dialogue, but also, first and foremost, for a better understanding of God’s mercy and of the human fraternity that flows from it.