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The main purpose of this text is to address the question of adaptation to climate change as a relevant way to implement sustainable development, mainly because of a shared conceptual framework relying on the necessity to adopt a global and dynamic approach of territories and societies. However, considering adaptation as a pathway to build sustainability involves one essential condition: to develop scientific knowledge on mechanisms and forms adaptation takes on the field as on the sphere of policies. We therefore suggest some scientific questionings to raise useful topics for defining an analytical framework on adaptive capacities and adaptive strategies.