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“Green chemistry” is presented by some authors as the new paradigm for chemistry to meet the challenges of sustainable development. We discuss this hypothesis by focusing on the use of agricultural resources for chemistry (the seventh principle of green chemistry). Following a presentation of the institutional construction around green chemistry, we show that chemistry should be understood as a discipline characterized by goal-oriented learning, in which scientists seek to establish links with “worlds of production” and investigate the specificities of available resources. We identify a variety of technological pathways organized around collective heritages having both productive and scientific dimensions.