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The third International Resilience Alliance Conference, titled “Resilience and Development : Mobilizing for Transformation”, was held in Montpellier from May 4 to 8, 2014. Its purpose was to confront the numerous approaches of resilience science regarding the transformation topic. We analyze the role of interdisciplinary research in this important meeting. Which methods are used in discipline interaction? What are the main questions and challenges? Which concepts or theoretical frameworks look innovative? Are information technology and mathematics tools offering solutions? In this critical review of part of the symposium, we show that interdisciplinary research is an important target in the mobilization called for by the conference title. Resilience 2014 was a major step ahead in bringing together different disciplines, stakeholders and civil society. Transformation choices need to be achieved through consensus between the considerations of these different actors. However, lack of understanding remains tangible in the diverse interpretations of promising unifying concepts: resilience, sustainable development, socio-ecological system, viability, vulnerability... The epistemological issues, which are difficult to assess, are often left aside in the discussions and replaced by other “integrative” tools, which may create fake interactions where incompatibilities remain.