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This article presents the Daly-Correa proposal concerning taxation and international compensations to stop oil exploitation in the Equatorial Amazon – The Yasuni-ITT Initiative – before President Rafael Correa of Equator dropped it last August 15. Highly sensitive issues are involved: the development of autochthonous peoples, policies of oil exporting countries, international governance, climate negotiations on keeping carbon underground and the internal fights around the Buen Vivir. Also at stake is the political economy of all these issues, specially the positions and commitments of ecological economists. The author suggests that French diplomacy could include the Yasuni-ITT initiative in the Climate Conference agenda that will convene in Paris at end of 2015, adding to it the Daly-Correa proposition to tax exported oil and some policy measures concerning carbon. There is some scepticism about the feasibility and realism of this kind of international compensations, but they need to be discussed in Paris. It is important not to give up a double challenge: 1) keeping some quantity of carbon in the subsoil, 2) the issue of “development” – whatever the definition and without adopting developmentalist naïvetés – fully respectful of communities and populations. It is true also for climate that contemporary conflicts and negotiations move closer to societies and social actors who are becoming crucial protagonists. These extra-state actors must be incorporated even if they are buried in the heart of Equatorial Amazon.