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The agroecological transition in France and Brazil calls for an impetus for alternative development in rural areas dominated by agricultural industrialization. Two networks structured around a political project, réseau Agriculture durable (RAD) and Centro de Apoio e Promoção da Agroecologia (CAPA – more socially equitable) work for the development of a more sustainable agriculture under quite different governance systems. These two networks contribute to the development of agroecological, more self-sufficient farming systems. While the acquisition of autonomous thinking by the farmers is a precondition for their participation in RAD, such is not the case in CAPA: this orientates the development project, the functioning, actions, and knowledge that are put into circulation and the circulation modalities to the profit of the respective political project of the two networks. RAD supports volunteer farmers towards self-sufficiency and autonomy, and CAPA leaders aim to persuade farmers in the community to maintain a diversified agro-ecological system. Interactions with research partly converge in these two networks on the evaluation of system performance as a tool for promoting network policy projects.