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Henri Laborit, a neuro-biologist and surgeon specializing in stresses to organisms and a member of the Groupe des Dix, is the author of an interdisciplinary pedagogical and scientific experiment with urban planners at the University of Paris-Vincennes. His book L’Homme et la ville (1971) describes the city as a complex eco-system in which man exercises dominant relations in history (class, race, nation, etc. relationships) under the control of an archaic brain. But can the city be compared to a living organism? Does it have a brain? Is it a machine? The systemic approach and the cybernetic theory, shared by other members of the Groupe des Dix, allows an analysis of complex systems, from cellular societies to human societies (Edgar Morin), from the microscope to the macroscope (Joël de Rosnay). But the city system remains a human “production”, an anthropo-ecosystem, while its evolutionary “trend” is made up of social, economic and ecological equilibria. What organizational models are able to regulate a sustainable urban metabolism?