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Conscience plays an essential role in moral decision-making in any given situation. However, this central notion has had various functions and considerations within the theological tradition and has been the subject of debate according to different schools. The aim of this article is to retrace some of this history in order to situate current debates. It also aims to shed light on the current relationship between conscience, discernment and moral truth, three interrelated notions. Lastly, it highlights the spiritual dimension of conscience, so that these relationships can be properly considered.