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The authors believe that both somatic and psychic factors are linked in the case of male sterility, including situations where a somatic cause has been clearly identified. They illustrate this position through the story of Sebastien, a young man suffering of azoospermia, but who also presents psychogenic factors of sterility such as they are described in the literature. The analyses are developed along two main lines. The first one concerns Sebastien and the way he relates to parental images, the elaboration of his Œdipal complex and his place within his family filiation and organisation. In the second one, we will study the level of elaboration of death anxiety for Sebastien, an anxiety which is linked to a period of problematic perinatal mourning by his mother. The Rorschach test is shown here to be a precious tool, particularly as regards the study of parental images, defense mechanisms and the symbolisation of psychic anxiety. The authors come to the conclusion that it is necessary to go beyond the separation which often exists between psychogenic and somatic sterility, and not to neglect the importance of subconscious psychic dynamics when dealing with male sterility, even when it is categorized as somatic sterility. Treatment of male sterility should always take the personal history of the patients, their family and their conjugal environment into account.