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The security sector reforms undertaken in a number of African countries have had widely differing outcomes. In Guinea, the emergency measures taken aroused some hope, but they were not pursued longer term, while in Côte d’Ivoire, the positive effects seem to have lasted longer. In Mali, security sector reforms have failed to progress because of a lack of political will. The situation is complicated by the two coups d’état Mali has undergone in 2020 and 2021, but the international community must keep up the pressure on the authorities.