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Following the four first chapters on anatomy of Vegetius’ Digesta artis mulomedicinalis third book, in the form of synthetic and enumerative synopses (skeleton and bones, the three-month-old foal’s morphometry, “nerves” and veins), without known origin, the fifth chapter dealing with the estimation of age with teeth and other body marks, belongs to a long series of texts from Simon of Athens. Inherited from Columella, by indirect tradition, the passage’s mistakes have been corrected by our author. The difficulties of understanding consist, for example, in the polysemy of canini, which signify both the two wolf teeth of the foal’s superior jaw, premolars which usually fall roughly at the same time that the other canini appear, permanent canines, from four years old: their conical and pointed shape, similar to carnivore teeth, explains that the same word has been used in the Greek and Latin texts.