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By negotiating a compromise at the end of 2023 aimed at adjusting the rules governing national public finances, EU Member States have revived the debate on the usefulness of these rules. They are often accused, particularly in France, of being too strict, imposing arbitrary limits such as a deficit below 3 percent of GDP. Yet in the past, they have proved to be surprisingly flexible, as shown by a review of four decisions taken in this area by the Juncker Commission.