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The politics of belonging in which “origins” constitute the main criterion of citizenship have recently been developing all over Africa. Tanzania is no exception. Since the 1990s, new economic indigenization measures, also known as economic preference, have helped reproduce a long-term process of racialization of the Asian communities and the black African majority, which is claimed to be exclusively autochthonous. Such demands for a preferential treatment, fostered by economic changes and political contention, produce a political narrative of revenge, and modify the criteria and boundaries of citizenship.