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When questioned about their perception of aid and its effects on the state and society, the actors from Niger involved in aid, its negotiation, or implementation focus on the weakening of the administration and the failure of the political plan. The concept of “ownership” in the Paris Declaration is debated; concrete changes relate more to a reduction of the most obvious pernicious effects of the multiplication of donors and their bypassing of the state, than to a real change of perspectives. Nevertheless, most of them think it creates some opportunities that the state must seize.