This book seeks to identify the most important problems in post-World War II Polish-Italian relations. The fundamental reflections come in two parts, in chronological-problematic order, from 1945 to 1958 and 1959 to 1989. The key points are: Poland and the main problems of Italian foreign policy; Italian attitude to the main problems of Polish foreign policy; the effects of cultural exchange; the functioning of cultural institutions; cooperation in pure and applied sciences, and higher education; foreign trade and economic cooperation. The key significance to the problems analysed in the book are documentary collections in the Modern Record Archive, Foreign Ministry Archive in Warsaw, the Historical Archive of the Italian Foreign Ministry, the Central State Archive in Rome.