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What is the state of democracy in South Africa fifteen years after the first elections of 1994? While often presented as a model, South-Africa is experiencing contradictory tensions. Its political and judicial system has radically broken with the past and may be seen as a success with regards to the protection of fundamental rights, the balance of power and the integration of legal pluralism. On the other hand, the gradual exit from the transition period has brought to light intense political struggles within the ANC ruling party, and these struggles are jeopardizing the balance of power. In addition to these political difficulties, the existence of many social problems requires a heightened vigilance to make sure that the foundations of the fragile South-African democracy are not put into question.