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Due to its remarkable efficiency, artificial intelligence (AI) has become a major stake in our society, which it is rapidly transforming. Yet, it remains difficult to anticipate the extent and the speed of the coming upheavals: while the ambition of the experts regarding technology and strategy has evolved, the priority should rest in the hands of politics. It would be wise to observe and favour experimentations, to train the young and to familiarize the whole population with the new issues. In the framework of the new cold war between the United States and China, Europe should make the most of its assets, i.e. the quality of its training and research systems which is often underestimated. Everything will depend on the development of bold actions, on the dialogue and concertation that are emerging, notably within the Franco-German partnership and, more generally, on the integration of European expertises, that remain so diverse.